The Mullins effect has been the subject of numerous studies since its initial observation in 1903. [Diani, Eur. Polymer J. 45(3), 601–612 (2009)] published an extensive review on the Mullins effect in 2009, which covers most of the advances made throughout the years. Since then, new insights have been gained and studies conducted that have expanded our understanding and confirmed the physical interpretations of the Mullins effect. Therefore, this article gives the reader a general overview of the progress since 2009, while covering the most fundamental aspects. The research over time is analysed and used to demonstrate the significance of the Mullins effect to this day. An overview of various materials that exhibit the Mullins effect is given, along with an explanation of its anisotropic nature and experiments that have uncovered it. Underlying mechanisms are discussed, and new insights gained through simulation endeavours are presented. New material models are explained, with a focus on micromechanical and phenomenological modelling approaches as the two major branches of modelling rubber behaviour.      «

The Mullins effect has been the subject of numerous studies since its initial observation in 1903. [Diani, Eur. Polymer J. 45(3), 601–612 (2009)] published an extensive review on the Mullins effect in 2009, which covers most of the advances made throughout the years. Since then, new insights have been gained and studies conducted that have expanded our understanding and confirmed the physical interpretations of the Mullins effect. Therefore, this article gives the reader a general overview of th...     »